![]() The Mughals themselves claimed ultimate descent from Mongol Empire founder Genghis Khan. Nevertheless, Babur's ancestors were sharply distinguished from the classical Mongols insofar as they were oriented towards Persian rather than Turco-Mongol culture. Similar transliterations had been used to refer to the empire, including "Mogul" and "Moghul". The term gained currency during the 19th century, but remains disputed by Indologists. The use of "Mughal" and "Moghul" derived from the Arabic and Persian corruption of " Mongol", and it emphasised the Mongol origins of the Timurid dynasty. ![]() The Mughal designation for their own dynasty was Gurkani ( Persian: گورکانیان, romanized: Gūrkāniyān, lit.'sons-in-law'). Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens, and the Taj Mahal, which is described as "the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage." NameĬontemporaries referred to the empire founded by Babur as the Timurid Empire, which reflected the heritage of his dynasty, and this was the term preferred by the Mughals themselves. There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite, resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan. The burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean and an increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products have generated much wealth for the Mughal court. The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion. These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator, were paid in the well-regulated silver currency, and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets. The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.Īlthough the Mughal Empire was created and sustained by military warfare, it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices, and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. The Mughal Empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman Empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. For some two hundred years, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India. The Mughal Empire was an early modern Islamic empire that controlled some part of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries.
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